Biofluorimetry Lab 
Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medica
University of Rome 'La Sapienza'
page created and maintained by Leopoldo Silvestroni & Simonetta Palleschi
 
last update May 3, 2010

 

Lab equipments, techniques and protocols

 Lab animals & Safety

 
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Acids and bases: strengths of common solutions

Acronyms of analytical instrumentation and techniques

Actin:

conjugation to pyrene

interaction with myosin

muscle, preparation

nonmuscle sources, preparation

purification with G150 column

Alkaline phosphatase and phospholipase C Assays

Antibodies:

affinity purification of antibodies (1) (2)

binding to protein A and protein G

conjugation

conjugation to FITC or biotin

conjugation to HRP

product guide (PDF file, 505K)

production (monoclonal & polyclonal)

purification (1) (2) (3)

purification by affinity binding to proteins bound to nitrocellulose

Autoradiography and fluorography:

32P Autoradiographic exposure times

 Azide removal by dialysis

Balance:

analytical in practice

top loading in practice

Blood smear preparation and staining

Buffers (see Solutions below)

Buret in practice

Calcium (45Ca2) uptake analysis

Calorimetry

Centrifugation/ultracentrifugation:

analytical utracentrifugation

percoll (equilibrium density)

rpm-gravity relationship

sucrose (density and refractive indexes)

theory & basics (1) (2)

tutorial

Chemiluminescence & Biochemiluminescence:

emitters

enhanced

cheap detection

gas phase

orange (QTmovie)

solution phase

yellow (QTmovie)

Chromatography:

equations

links

qualitative analysis of chr. data

quantitative analysis of chr. data
technical tips

theory

affinity chromatography (1) (2):

column preparation

peptide coupling to Affigel-10 Resin

field flow fractionation
forum:

liquid chromatography
gas chromatography
hyphenated techniques
data systems

gas chromatography (QTmovie):

Backflash Calculator

Capillary Column Installation Guide
capillary GC

Column Characteristics calculator

Column Selection Guide
columns

detectors

Direct Injection Animation

flow control
GC/MS QTmovie (1) (2)

introductory & theory

Kovats retention index
McReynolds constants

Mesh Size Conversions

Pressure Calculator
Pressure Conversion Factors

retention data

sample introduction

Septum Size Chart

Setting Dead Time for Optimum Linear Velocity

Split Injection Animation

Splitless Injection Animation
temperature programming

gel filtration

HPLC:

6-Port Valve Animation

calculator

column companion

HPLC column dead volume table

column packing

glossary

hormones

operation theory

precision

programmed simulator

reversed phase

reverse phase basics

reversed phase for Peptides (PDF)

separation (databases)

simulator

troubleshooting guide (1 - 2)

tubing volume calculator

user guide

hydrophobic interaction

ion exchange chromatography (1) (2) (3)

Liquid Chromatography:

introduction
types of interactions
solvent selection
Snyder method
gradient elution

troubleshooting guide (1) (2) (3)

 

Colloidal gold:

conjugation

probe preparation

enhancement with silver

Colors of gemstones

Comet assay:

after single-cell electrophoresis (PDF)

introduction
protocols:

alkaline comet assay (pH > 13) (1) (2)

DNA oxidative damage (PDF)

neutral comet assaY (pH 7-10)

with DNA repair enzymes

image analysis software

on GelBond film

sperm (1) (2)

Compound naming links

Covalent labeling of biomolecules

Coverslip coating (polylysine) see Slide

Dialysis tubing preparation

Distillation
Distillation theory & practice

Drop freezing

Electrophoresis:

A-Z glossary of terms

agarose gel electrophoresis (1 basic method) (2) (3)

basic introduction (1) (2)

capillary electrophoresis (1) (2) (QTime - ShockW)

capillary electrophoresis injection evaluation (QTime - ShockW)

densitometry

discontinuous electrophoresis

capillary electrophoresis modes (QTime -  ShockW)

documentation by Polaroid camera

formaldehyde gel electrophoresis and non-radioactive northern blotting of RNA

mass spectrometry of tryptic digests from electroph. gels

protein transfer to PVDF membranes

SDS-PAGE  (1) (2) (minigel & semidry transfer):

animation (QTime - ShockW)

databases of 2D gel maps of proteins (27 links)

electroelution of proteins

gel drying

introduction

molecular weight markers

pouring and running protein gels/electrotransfer

preparation of gels (1) (2)

separation of protein standards

staining with coomassie blue (1) (2)

staining with CuCl2

staining with ethanol-based coomassie blue

staining with silver (1) (2) (3) (4)

troubleshooting

theory

 

 

Electroporation of mammalian cells

ELISA:

development guide (PDF file, 152k)

live cell protocol

product guide (PDF file, 160k)

reference guide (PDF file, 672k)

successful running (PDF file, 245k)

troubleshooting guide (PDF file, 66k)

Experimental methods (concepts)

Extraction with solvents

Extraction with supercritical fluids
FACS standard protocol

Flasks in practice (volumetric)

filtration and separation:

centrifugation: simulation of filtering centrifuge
constant pressure filtration
constant rate filtration
sedimentation: continuous sedimentation - thickening

solid-liquid separation
specific surface area per unit volume

 

Flow cytometry  (87 links) (commonly used fluorochromes)

Fluorescence: see also our Fluorescence / Spectroscopy  and Microscopy pages

pyrene actin preparation

fluorescein labeling of proteins (1) (2)

green fluorescent protein (GFP) applications

Ganglioside purification (micro scale)

Getting started and staying organized at the bench

Glass properties & technical data

Gravimetric analysis:

analytical balance

internet directories

introduction

Glutaraldehyde conjugation of oligopeptides to proteins

Glycolipids separated by TLC: immunostaining

Glycoprotein deglycosylation using endoglycosidases

Glcoyltransferase ELISA assay

Good laboratory practices

Gravimetric analysis

Hemacytometer reference guide

Histone extraction protocol

Histone H1 kinase activity assay

Histone Western blotting

Hormones by HPLC

Hybridoma production

IC50 determination

Immunoprecipitation buffers & protocol

In-gel tryptic digest for mass spectrometry (from electrophoretic gels)

Laboratory Record Guidelines

Lipid analysis (1, Thin layer chromatography) (2, Gas liquid chromatography)

Lipid separation and quantification by gas chromatography

Lipid separation and quantification by TLC

Lipid Transmethylation and extraction of methyl derivatives

Lipids by HPLC

Lipoproteins isolation (from plasma) and analysis

Liposomes:

preparation

swelling assay

Log P and pKa measurements and their use

Macrophages & monocytes

Mass spectrometry (see Spectroscopy below)

Methods and protocols

Metric system:

units

units conversion

metric square and cube units conversion

prefixes

Micropipets, use of

Micro-scale isolation and purification of gangliosides

Molarity, molality, or normality? 

Mole

Molecular weight calculator - interactive

Molecular weight markers

NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods

Nuclear extract preparation (1 - 2 - 3)

O-ring database

Patch clamp (1 - 2)

Peptide mapping with 2D Western blot

Peptide separations on a stable, aqueous-compatible C18 column (PDF)

Periodic Table

pH: introduction

pH readings in practice (digital) (analogic)

Phosphate assay (molybdate-based) (1) (2)

Phosphoamino acid(32P) analysis in SDS PAGE

Phosphoamino acid analysis of non-TCA precipitable proteins from gel slices

Photography

Platelet counting

Platelet labeling with CMFDA

Platelet preparation

Polarography:

differential-pulse polarography

introduction

normal-pulse polarography

oxygen determination

Potentiometry:

introduction

ion-selective electrodes

pH meters

Protease inhibitors

Proteases, substrates and inhibitors assays

Proteins:

acetylation (or succinylation) of amino groups

analysis by immunoprecipitation

assays by:

BCA (1) (2) (3)

Biuret (1)

Bradford (1) (2) (3) (4, microtiter plastes) (5) (6)

dot blotting, semi-quantitative

extinction coefficient

Lowry (1) (2) (3) (4 for membrane extracts) (5 for SDS)

sulfhydryl (-SH) Groups

UV spectrophotometry at 280 nm (1) (2) and 205 nm

in Laemmly gel samples

cleavage with CNBr

crystallization

databases:

 2D Gel electrophoresis

 3D structure classification browsers

 3D STRUCTURE COMparison

 3D structure

 3D structure prediction

 enzymes/metabolism

 immunology-related proteins

 locating 3d structure information

 mass spectrometry tools

 online protein structure courses

 primary sequence alignment

 protein analysis

 protein databases

 protein sequence patterns and motifs

 protein-protein interactions

 proteome

 secondary structure prediction

 signal transduction proteins

 small molecules

 structural graphics viewers

determination, comparison of different methods

extraction from membranes

fluorescein labeling

immunoprecipitation

labeling

microarrays: technology adoption and utilization

phosphoamino acid analysis

product guide (PDF file, 181K)

purification (1 - 2 - 3)

radioiodination

radioiodination of cell surface proteins

radioiodination of protein in solution

radioiodination of proteins

subcellular fractionation from cells

Quantitative pipetting and spectrophotometry

Radioactivity:

bench top work protocol

detection and measurement

radioiodination of cell surface proteins

radioiodination of protein in solution

radioiodination of proteins

rules of use of tracers

Quantitative transfer

Receptor binding: basic principles and techniques (PDF)

Recrystallization

Repipet in practice

Scientific method (1) (2)

Separations

Sephadex G-50 spun column purification

Serum preparation from whole blood

Excel simulations:

chromatogram-simulation

solubility

titration-Henderson-Hasselbalch

titration-strong-acid

titration-weak-acid

Significant figures & scientific notation (expanded in Analysis of data and Statistics page)

Siliconizing glassware

Single component solutions (calculator)

Single vesicle analysis (Optical Trap)

Size exclusion

Slide (microscopy) coating with polyacrylamide substrates

Slide (microscopy) coating with poly-L-lysine and silane

Slide (microscopy) preparation (washing and polylysine coating)

Slide (microscopy) silanization

Solutions & solution recipes:

A-Z list (1) (2)

acids and bases: strengths of common solutions

acrylamide gel mix

acrylamide stock

ammonium acetate

ammonium persulphate

ampicillin

antibiotics

ATP

Bal31 dilution/storage buffer

Bal31 reaction buffer

blocking buffer stock solution for Western

blocking buffer for Western

blot buffer for Western

BSA (bovine serum albumin)

buffer & media book

buffer calculator (java)

buffer design web site

Buffer Recipes creator

buffer speciation calculators

calcium chloride

cell suspension buffer

chloroform-isoamyl alcohol mix (24:1)

Church hybridization buffer

Church prehybridization buffer

commonly used solutions

compound solutions

concentration measurements and preparation

CTAB/NaCl (hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide)

cysteine

denaturation solution 2 (0.4M NaOH/1M NaCl)

destain, SDS-PAGE

dithiothreitol, DTT

DMEM

DNA digestion: core reaction buffers

DNA digestion: enzyme dilution buffer

EDTA

eluotropic strength of solvents on various sorbents

ethanol

ethidium bromide, EtBr

ExoIII reaction buffer

gel mixes, SDS-PAGE

glucose

hybridization solution (Zappe)

Immunoprecipitation buffers

IPTG, isopropyl-á-D-thio-galactopyranoside

isopropanol, salt-saturated

Klenow buffer (10x)

Klenow mix

lauryl sulphate, see sodium dodecyl sulphate

ligation dilution buffer

ligation mix

ligation reaction buffer

Luria broth

lysing solution

magnesium chloride

magnesium sulphate

making directions

media, solutions and stains (also fluorescent) for cell biology

minimal medium, E. coli

minimal medium 5x salts, E. coli

molecular weight – g/mol - calculator (java)

Mungbean nuclease dilution/storage buffer

Mungbean nuclease reaction buffer

PB (phosphate buffer)

phenol Chloroform mix

phenol (buffered pH 7.6, 10mM Tris)

phosphate (sodium) buffer chart

potassium chloride

potassium salts

preparation

Reagents and Standards Preparation and Documentation

resolving buffer for SDS-PAGE

RNAse mix

S1 mix

S1 stop mix

Salt, see sodium chloride

Sample buffer for SDS-PAGE

SDS, see sodium dodecyl sulphate

Sephadex G-50

Sma I reaction buffer

sodium acetate

sodium chloride

sodium dodecyl sulphate

sodium hydroxide

sodium perchlorate

solution III, plasmid preps

solution II, plasmid preps

solution I, plasmid preps

solutions and chemicals

SSC (salt sodium citrate) 20x

ST1 Southern transfer solution 1

ST2 Southern transfer solution 2

ST3 Southern transfer solution 3

Stacking buffer, SDS-PAGE

Stain for SDS-PAGE

TA buffer

TAE buffer,Tris-acetate-EDTA

tank buffer, SDS-PAGE

Taurine buffer (TTE)

TB buffer

TBE buffer

TE buffer, Tris-EDTA buffer

TEMED

terrific broth

TRacking dye (IV)

tracking dye (Coyne)

Tris buffer

Tris-Base

tRNA

TSB, TSBG

various salts in common buffers:

various salts calculator (part 1, part 2) (another)

wash buffer A (WBA)

wash buffer B (WBB)

wash buffer C (WBC)

X-gal, 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-á-D-galactoside

YT 2x, yeast tryptone medium

zinc acetate

zinc sulphate

 

 

Spectroscopy: Fluorescence / Spectroscopy and Chemistry pages

atomic:

atomic absorption spectroscopy (QTmovie)

atomic emission spectroscopy

atomic fluorescence spectroscopy

atomic transitions

electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR, ESR)

electron:

Auger electron spectroscopy

introduction

X-ray absorption spectroscopy (QTmovie)

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

in general:

basic techniques

history

imaging spectroscopy

introduction

limit of detection (PDF)

tutorial

infrared:

basics

characteristic IR bands

instrumentation

introduction

problem set

tutorial

laser:

cavity-ringdown laser absorption spectroscopy

intracavity-absorption spectroscopy

laser-induced fluorescence

Raman spectroscopy

resonance-ionization

mass:

basics

electrospray mass spectra interpretation

introduction

ion-cyclotron resonance Fourier transform

ion detectors

ion-trap

ionization techniques

magnetic-sector

neutron activation analysis

quadrupole

time-of-flight

problem set

proteins identification

terms and definitions (1) (2)

tutorial, part 1 part 2

near-infrared absorption

nuclear magnetic resonance:

basics

1H NMR problem set

1H NMR interpretation tutorial

1C NMR problem set

ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy

Stoichiometry (see also our Chemistry page)

Thermal methods:

introduction

introduction

thermogravimetry

differential-thermal analysis

differential-scanning calorimetry

Titration in practice (QTmovie)

Tubulin preparation (large scale)

Turbidity measurement

Units and measures (expanded in Data analysis and Statistics)

Ultrafiltration cells (stirred, Amicon)

Vacuum filtration in practice

Vacuum portal

Voltammetry:

anodic-stripping

anodic-stripping

cyclic (1)(2)(3)

linear sweep

Western Blotting (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8):

band detection with ecl

band visualization with ecl & iodinated proteina

brain mdembranes

buffers

cell lysate preparation  

hints

histones

protocols

secondary antibodies

semi dry blotting

stripping membranes

theory

troubleshooting (1) (2) (3)

visualization with ECL instead of iodinated Protein A 

use of:

Alkaline Phosphatase Conjugates

Biotinylated Antibodies

Horseradish Peroxidase

Monoclonal Antibodies

Polyclonal rabbit Antibodies

sequence of a complete run:

membrane protein extraction from tissue

total protein extraction from tissue

Bradfrod assay

acrylamide gel preparation

SDS-PAGE

electrophoretic transfer to PVDF membranes

western blot protocol

coomassie brilliant blue

 

Laboratory animals

 Work in progress….

Animal Use & Care

Knockout Mice - What is a knockout mouse?

Transgenic animals:

animal database

basic research and biotechnology

historical background

key to human disease research

making a genetically modified animal

methods and techniques

mice protocols

principles and methods

the illuminating power & controversy

what is a transgenic mouse?

Working with animals:

restraint and handling of animals

guidelines for the prevention, assessment and relief of pain and distress in laboratory animals

experimental surgery

guidelines for the use of anesthetics, analgesics and tranquilizers in laboratory animals

euthanasia guidelines

principles of aseptic technique

Motor Neuron Disease and Animal Models

Neuroimaging of animal models of brain disease

Safety

Work in progress….

Ethidium Bromide Decontamination (1) (2) (3) (4)

40 steps to a safer lab

acronyms and abbreviations

benchmark dose technical guidance document

biological safety

biosafety basics

carcinogen risk assessment

centrifuge safety

chemical and other safety information

chemical carcinogen guide

 chemical labeling do's and don'ts

chemical labs safety (44 items)

chemical safety basics

chemical safety graphics
chemical safety manual

chemical spill cleaning up

chemical spills prevention 

chemical storage area clining up

choosing protective eyewear

dermal exposure

electrical safety 

epoxy resin tabletops refinishing

ergonomics

eye injury picture sites (1) (2) (3)

eyewash and shower safety

faq:

cleanup and disposal of mercury

general questions

how to store chemicals properly

maintenance tips for acid storage cabinets

safety eyewear

filtering facepieces

fume hoods

gas cylinder storage and handling

general laboratory health and safety

glossary of risk assessment-related terms

gloves resistance to chemicals: by glove material by chemical

goggle safety

guidelines for reproductive toxicity risk assessment

guidelines for neurotixicity risk assessment

guidelines for working with hazardous substances

hazardous chemical storage

hazardous materials

hazardous and toxic substances

hazardous materials shipping

health risk assessment of chemical mixtures

lab safety/dot signs & labels

lab safety manual (1) (2)

multiple iris substance report generation

niosh pocket guide to chemical hazards

noise and hearing loss prevention: niosh power tools database

occupational health guidelines for chemical hazards

personal protective equipment

personal protective equipment program

physical hazards

portable fire extinguishers

protective clothing for vapor and splash protection 

radiation safety

radiological safety

recommendations for chemical protective clothing (a-z list from niosh)

safe science (slides)

safety sites

Safety and protection:

autoignition temperature

basic chemical classifications

chemical accident prevention (environment)

chemical carcinogens (A-Z list)

chemical compatibility guide

chemical segregation guide

chemical toxicity abbreviations

chemical warehouses guide

chemicals entry and fate in humans

chemicals which may form peroxides during storage

colour codes for compressed gas cylinders (Europe)

compressed gas handling

explosion & explosives:

A-Z terminology

anatomy of an explosion

combustible

compounds involved in unexpected explosions

flammable gases

flammable solids

shock-sensitive material lists (1) (2)

fire safety and fire extinguishers

flash point

gases A-Z lists (1 PDF) (2) (3)

gloves resistance to chemicals: by glove material by chemical

highly toxic chemicals (A-Z)

material safety data sheets:

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

reference links by chemical name (1) (2)

materials incompatible with widely-used chemicals

oxidation

radioactivity decontamination procedures

water reactive compounds

workplace exposure limits

Sampling & Analysis

Safety, Storage, and Disposal of Chemicals (FAQ)

Security of Hazardous Materials

Standard Operating Procedures (SOP's)

Storage and handling of laboratory chemicals

Substance A-Z List

Ventilation

Where and why science accidents occur

 

 


Main sources for thie page:

biological procedures online - BioChemHub - CDC - cell biology techniques - colorimetric assays basics - Experimental Bioscience - HOSHA

Integrated Risk Information System: IRIS Substance A-Z List

laboratory methods - laboratory protocols - LabSafety - NIOSH - protocol books - virtual chemistry library